Scientists have long known that cellular membranes vary in thickness, but measuring those differences inside actual cells has ...

Biologists have long treated cell membranes as passive barriers, thin skins that separate the chemistry of life from the ...

Schematic of an active cell membrane. In a typical active biological process, active proteins (shown in a variety of colors) in a cell membrane (shown in blue) interact with various biological ...

Custom polymer structures can now be 3D printed inside living cells using laser-based fabrication, opening paths to intracellular sensors, cell tracking tags, and embedded microlasers.