Abstract: To meet the requirement for high-precision thickness measurement of silicon-based thin films in integrated circuits and the semiconductor industry, spectroscopic reflectometry has been ...

A slender glass fiber no thicker than a human hair placed across a particle beam could improve accelerator monitoring. A team ...

Physicists at the University of Osaka have unveiled a breakthrough theoretical framework that uncovers the hidden physical ...

Supercritical fluids, particularly supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂), have emerged as innovative and environmentally friendly media for particle ...

Abstract: Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a constrained, high-dimensional, non-convex nonlinear programming problem that typically has multiple local optimal solutions. To address the issue where most ...