While synthetic opiods are a relatively new class of drugs, opium has a long destructive history in trade wars and warfare, ...

The British forces inflicted a series of military defeats on the Chinese until 1842, when the war was ended with the Treaty ...

Opium was grown in British India, and smuggled into China. The Chinese resisted the opium trade. This led to war, after the Chinese destroyed all the British opium in China. The Chinese army and ...

But Mr Trump’s most incendiary claims are reserved for China. The Communist Party, he says, “has subsidised and otherwise ...

I checked back and there was just this one reference to “the collector to the Royal Horticultural Society of London” who was in China ... “The British opium trade resulted largely from ...

Here’s What You Need to Remember: The Opium Wars made it clear China had fallen gravely behind the West — not just militarily, but economically and politically. Every Chinese government ...

How should we situate China within the global context prior to the First Opium War? Compared with the Dutch and the British, in what ways did the Chinese interact with the world that had been created ...

The relatively unknown story of wartime Japan’s ties with the opium trade in China is now in the public ... when the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out. Volume two covers the subsequent period ...