This chart focuses primarily on the types of natural inclusions found in tourmaline, as well as the minerals in which tourmaline can be found as an inclusion. Treatments such as enhancement of ...

Diamond “type” is a concept that is frequently mentioned in the gemological literature, but its relevance to the practicing gemologist is rarely discussed. Diamonds are broadly divided into two types ...

Figure 1. These emeralds from Musakashi, Zambia, range from 0.57 to 4.85 ct. The rough samples were polished with one window on each. The faceted sample measures 6.29 × 5.35 × 3.53 mm and weighs 0.97 ...

Gemological and spectroscopic properties of CVD synthetic diamonds from Gemesis Corp. were examined. Their color (colorless, near-colorless, and faint, ranging from F to L) and clarity (typically VVS) ...

Jadeite is 6.5 to 7, and nephrite is 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs hardness scale. Hardness and toughness Gem and mineral hardness is measured on the Mohs scale. The numbers are based on the relative ease or ...

Lapis lazuli is an aggregate of several minerals. Lazurite grains provide its characteristic blue color, while golden flakes of pyrite can add attractive contrast. Lapis lazuli is a rock, which means ...

The GIA Gem Trade Laboratory (GTL) collected gemological data on 1,490 natural-color pink gem diamonds—both types I and II. While there was some overlap in gemological properties between the two ...

Colorless to yellow to intense orange sapphire will react quite differently to light or heat depending on the nature of the material and the origin of the color. The authors determined that there are ...

The Karowe Diamond Mine in Botswana, owned and operated by Lucara Diamond Corp., has gained international recognition for producing large, high-quality type IaB or coexistence of IaB with IIa diamonds ...

Diamonds are the most amazing of gems. Just as amazing, however, is how natural diamonds reach Earth’s surface. Diamonds are formed 150 to 700 km deep in Earth, and are then carried upward in a rare ...

Gem-quality synthetic or laboratory-grown diamonds are more available in today’s jewelry marketplace than ever before, causing both interest and concern about lab-grown diamonds and whether ...

Tutti Frutti (bold color contrasts using carved gemstones) dazzles in this bracelet, brooch, and lapel watch by Mauboussin. Jewelry courtesy of Kathryn Bonanno. The Roaring Twenties – It’s a time that ...