A research group has discovered that in mammals, a protein kinase A (PKA) promotes wakefulness, while protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and calcineurin promote sleep. This study revealed that the balance ...
Protein kinases are the molecular switches of the cell. They control growth, division, communication, and survival by attaching phosphate groups to other proteins. When these switches are stuck in the ...
If cells are the factories, proteins are the workers. They control nearly every aspect of cell function, from structure to signaling, from transport to defense. And, like many workers, they rarely act ...