Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

Here is a close look at the common- versus differential-mode voltage and instrumentation amplifier (IA) topologies.

When taking measurements from analog sensors located at long distances, voltage drops and noise can affect precision of the readings. Therefore, a voltage-to-current (V/I) module is needed to transmit ...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation demonstrated the largest absolute growth of all renewable technologies in 2022, surpassing wind for the first time in history, according to the International ...

The proliferation of end-use electrical and electronic loads in customer facilities — residential, commercial, and industrial — is not slowing down. Despite economic pressures, utility customers are ...

The LM4041 has been around for over 20 years. During those decades, while primarily marketed as a precision adjustable shunt regulator, this classic device also found its way into alternative ...

There are times when you need to bias a low-current load and simply didn’t want to add another voltage regulator, or where you need a reasonable level of voltage accuracy, so a simple voltage divider ...