Wing-beat-frequency data for a variety of flying animals versus the square-root of the animal mass divided by the wing/fin area. A single universal equation can closely approximate the frequency of ...

Consistent coefficient: Wingbeat frequency data for a variety of flying animals (plus a few swimming ones), plotted against the square root of the animal’s mass divided by its wing or fin area.

The mathematical physics underpinning electromagnetic fields and wave equations provides a rigorous framework for understanding the behaviour of electric and magnetic phenomena in both classical and ...