The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework recognizes the importance of interactions between the teaching, social and cognitive presences in creating positive and collaborative learning communities.

The National Science Education Standards point out that “assessments provide an operational definition of standards, in that they define in measurable terms what teachers should teach and students ...

Every assessment is designed to measure a construct. Science achievement, Newtonian mechanics, and understanding inquiry are examples of constructs that might be measured by a science assessment. A ...