While synthetic opiods are a relatively new class of drugs, opium has a long destructive history in trade wars and warfare, ...

The British forces inflicted a series of military defeats on the Chinese until 1842, when the war was ended with the Treaty ...

Opium was grown in British India, and smuggled into China. The Chinese resisted the opium trade. This led to war, after the Chinese destroyed all the British opium in China. The Chinese army and ...

European powers began trading with China in the 16th century ... the island’s population was touching 1.2 lakhs. That year, the British signed the Treaty of Peking, ending the Second Opium War. The ...

But Mr Trump’s most incendiary claims are reserved for China. The Communist Party, he says, “has subsidised and otherwise ...

From Ssuyu Teng and John Fairbank, China's Response to the West (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1954), reprinted in Mark A. Kishlansky, ed., Sources of World History, Volume II, (New York: ...